% pubman genre = article
@article{item_3400087,
title = {{Effectiveness of protected areas influenced by socio-economic context}},
author = {Gatiso, Tsegaye T. and Kulik, Lars and Bachmann, Mona Estrella and Bonn, Aletta and B{\"o}sch, Lukas and Eirdosh, Dustin and Freytag, Andreas and Hanisch, Susan and Heurich, Marco and Sop, Tenekwetche and Wesche, Karsten and Winter, Marten and K{\"u}hl, Hjalmar S.},
language = {eng},
issn = {2398-9629},
doi = {10.1038/s41893-022-00932-6},
year = {2022},
abstract = {{Protected area (PA) performance is thought to depend on effective conservation management and favourable socio-economic {\textless}br{\textgreater}context. However, increasing evidence of continued biodiversity decline within PAs raises the question of whether fundamental {\textless}br{\textgreater}ecological and socio-economic constraints might actually affect PA effectiveness. Here we quantify how threats to biodiversity, {\textless}br{\textgreater}socio-economic context and conservation efforts play out across 114 PAs in 25 European and African countries. We found that {\textless}br{\textgreater}even in the presence of highly favourable socio-economic context and conservation efforts, it is not possible to completely {\textless}br{\textgreater}offset the intensity of threats and prevent biodiversity decline. Projections show that halting biodiversity decline across the {\textless}br{\textgreater}studied PA network may require at least a 35{\textpercent} increase in conservation efforts over a decade. However, as PAs approach {\textless}br{\textgreater}zero biodiversity loss, even greater efforts and resources would be needed because of the principle of diminishing marginal {\textless}br{\textgreater}returns. Our findings point to limited effectiveness of PAs and their management that might not be possible to address by sim-{\textless}br{\textgreater}ply increasing resources. Additionally, the adoption of core design principles of sustainable systems that take into account the {\textless}br{\textgreater}social{\textendash}ecological contexts of PAs could help overcome the observed hurdles of limited effectiveness and thus better integrate {\textless}br{\textgreater}PAs into sustainable development efforts.}},
journal = {{Nature Sustainability}},
volume = {5},
pages = {861--868},
}