% pubman genre = article
@article{item_3451121,
title = {{Genetic insights into the social organization of Neanderthals}},
author = {Skov, Laurits and Peyr{\'e}gne, St{\'e}phane and Popli, Divya Ratan and Iasi, Leonardo N.M. and Devi{\`e}se, Thibaut and Slon, Viviane and Zavala, Elena I. and Hajdinjak, Mateja and S{\"u}mer, Arev and Grote, Steffi and Bossoms Mesa, Alba and L{\'o}pez Herr{\'a}ez, David and Nickel, Birgit and Nagel, Sarah and Richter, Julia and Essel, Elena and Gansauge, Marie-Theres and Schmidt, Anna and Korlevic, Petra and Comeskey, Daniel and Derevianko, Anatoly P. and Kharevich, Aliona and Markin, Sergey V. and Talamo, Sahra and Douka, Katerina and Krajcarz, Maciej T. and Roberts, Richard G. and Higham, Thomas and Viola, Bence and Krivoshapkin, Andrey I. and Kolobova, Kseniya A. and Kelso, Janet and Meyer, Matthias and P{\"a}{\"a}bo, Svante and Peter, Benjamin M.},
language = {eng},
issn = {0028-0836; 1476-4687},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-022-05283-y},
year = {2022},
abstract = {{Genomic analyses of Neanderthals have previously provided insights into their {\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}population history and relationship to modern humans1{\textendash}8, but the social organization {\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}of Neanderthal communities remains poorly understood. Here we present genetic {\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}data for 13 Neanderthals from two Middle Palaeolithic sites in the Altai Mountains of {\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}southern Siberia: 11 from Chagyrskaya Cave9,10 and 2 from Okladnikov Cave11{\textemdash}making {\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}this one of the largest genetic studies of a Neanderthal population to date. We used {\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}hybridization capture to obtain genome-wide nuclear data, as well as mitochondrial {\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}and Y-chromosome sequences. Some Chagyrskaya individuals were closely related, {\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}including a father{\textendash}daughter pair and a pair of second-degree relatives, indicating {\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}that at least some of the individuals lived at the same time. Up to one-third of these {\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}individuals{\textquoteright} genomes had long segments of homozygosity, suggesting that the {\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}Chagyrskaya Neanderthals were part of a small community. In addition, the {\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}Y-chromosome diversity is an order of magnitude lower than the mitochondrial {\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}diversity, a pattern that we found is best explained by female migration between {\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}communities. Thus, the genetic data presented here provide a detailed documentation {\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}of the social organization of an isolated Neanderthal community at the easternmost {\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}{\textless}br{\textgreater}extent of their known range.}},
journal = {{Nature}},
volume = {610},
pages = {519--525},
}