%0 Journal Article %A Skov, Laurits %A Peyrégne, Stéphane %A Popli, Divya Ratan %A Iasi, Leonardo N.M. %A Devièse, Thibaut %A Slon, Viviane %A Zavala, Elena I. %A Hajdinjak, Mateja %A Sümer, Arev %A Grote, Steffi %A Bossoms Mesa, Alba %A López Herráez, David %A Nickel, Birgit %A Nagel, Sarah %A Richter, Julia %A Essel, Elena %A Gansauge, Marie-Theres %A Schmidt, Anna %A Korlević, Petra %A Comeskey, Daniel %A Derevianko, Anatoly P. %A Kharevich, Aliona %A Markin, Sergey V. %A Talamo, Sahra %A Douka, Katerina %A Krajcarz, Maciej T. %A Roberts, Richard G. %A Higham, Thomas %A Viola, Bence %A Krivoshapkin, Andrey I. %A Kolobova, Kseniya A. %A Kelso, Janet %A Meyer, Matthias %A Pääbo, Svante %A Peter, Benjamin M. %+ Genetic Diversity through Space and Time, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Genomes, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society The Leipzig School of Human Origins (IMPRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Genetic Diversity through Space and Time, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society The Leipzig School of Human Origins (IMPRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Advanced DNA Sequencing Techniques, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Advanced DNA Sequencing Techniques, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society The Leipzig School of Human Origins (IMPRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society The Leipzig School of Human Origins (IMPRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Advanced DNA Sequencing Techniques, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Advanced DNA Sequencing Techniques, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Advanced DNA Sequencing Techniques, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Advanced DNA Sequencing Techniques, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Advanced DNA Sequencing Techniques, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society The Minerva Research Group for Bioinformatics, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Advanced DNA Sequencing Techniques, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Genetic Diversity through Space and Time, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society %T Genetic insights into the social organization of Neanderthals : %G eng %U https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000B-4C0E-2 %R 10.1038/s41586-022-05283-y %7 2022-10-19 %D 2022 %8 19.10.2022 %* Review method: peer-reviewed %X Genomic analyses of Neanderthals have previously provided insights into their






population history and relationship to modern humans1–8, but the social organization






of Neanderthal communities remains poorly understood. Here we present genetic






data for 13 Neanderthals from two Middle Palaeolithic sites in the Altai Mountains of






southern Siberia: 11 from Chagyrskaya Cave9,10 and 2 from Okladnikov Cave11—making






this one of the largest genetic studies of a Neanderthal population to date. We used






hybridization capture to obtain genome-wide nuclear data, as well as mitochondrial






and Y-chromosome sequences. Some Chagyrskaya individuals were closely related,






including a father–daughter pair and a pair of second-degree relatives, indicating






that at least some of the individuals lived at the same time. Up to one-third of these






individuals’ genomes had long segments of homozygosity, suggesting that the






Chagyrskaya Neanderthals were part of a small community. In addition, the






Y-chromosome diversity is an order of magnitude lower than the mitochondrial






diversity, a pattern that we found is best explained by female migration between






communities. Thus, the genetic data presented here provide a detailed documentation






of the social organization of an isolated Neanderthal community at the easternmost






extent of their known range. %J Nature %V 610 %& 519 %P 519 - 525 %@ 0028-08361476-4687