%0 Journal Article %A Skov, Laurits %A Peyrégne, Stéphane %A Popli, Divya Ratan %A Iasi, Leonardo N.M. %A Devièse, Thibaut %A Slon, Viviane %A Zavala, Elena I. %A Hajdinjak, Mateja %A Sümer, Arev %A Grote, Steffi %A Bossoms Mesa, Alba %A López Herráez, David %A Nickel, Birgit %A Nagel, Sarah %A Richter, Julia %A Essel, Elena %A Gansauge, Marie-Theres %A Schmidt, Anna %A Korlevic, Petra %A Comeskey, Daniel %A Derevianko, Anatoly P. %A Kharevich, Aliona %A Markin, Sergey V. %A Talamo, Sahra %A Douka, Katerina %A Krajcarz, Maciej T. %A Roberts, Richard G. %A Higham, Thomas %A Viola, Bence %A Krivoshapkin, Andrey I. %A Kolobova, Kseniya A. %A Kelso, Janet %A Meyer, Matthias %A Pääbo, Svante %A Peter, Benjamin M. %+ Genetic Diversity through Space and Time, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Genomes, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society The Leipzig School of Human Origins (IMPRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Genetic Diversity through Space and Time, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society The Leipzig School of Human Origins (IMPRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Advanced DNA Sequencing Techniques, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Advanced DNA Sequencing Techniques, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society The Leipzig School of Human Origins (IMPRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society The Leipzig School of Human Origins (IMPRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Advanced DNA Sequencing Techniques, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Advanced DNA Sequencing Techniques, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Advanced DNA Sequencing Techniques, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Advanced DNA Sequencing Techniques, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Advanced DNA Sequencing Techniques, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society The Minerva Research Group for Bioinformatics, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Advanced DNA Sequencing Techniques, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society Genetic Diversity through Space and Time, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society %T Genetic insights into the social organization of Neanderthals : %G eng %U https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000B-4C0E-2 %R 10.1038/s41586-022-05283-y %7 2022-10-19 %D 2022 %8 19.10.2022 %* Review method: peer-reviewed %X Genomic analyses of Neanderthals have previously provided insights into their







population history and relationship to modern humans1–8, but the social organization







of Neanderthal communities remains poorly understood. Here we present genetic







data for 13 Neanderthals from two Middle Palaeolithic sites in the Altai Mountains of







southern Siberia: 11 from Chagyrskaya Cave9,10 and 2 from Okladnikov Cave11—making







this one of the largest genetic studies of a Neanderthal population to date. We used







hybridization capture to obtain genome-wide nuclear data, as well as mitochondrial







and Y-chromosome sequences. Some Chagyrskaya individuals were closely related,







including a father–daughter pair and a pair of second-degree relatives, indicating







that at least some of the individuals lived at the same time. Up to one-third of these







individuals’ genomes had long segments of homozygosity, suggesting that the







Chagyrskaya Neanderthals were part of a small community. In addition, the







Y-chromosome diversity is an order of magnitude lower than the mitochondrial







diversity, a pattern that we found is best explained by female migration between







communities. Thus, the genetic data presented here provide a detailed documentation







of the social organization of an isolated Neanderthal community at the easternmost







extent of their known range. %J Nature %V 610 %& 519 %P 519 - 525 %@ 0028-08361476-4687